Naturalist saturn

The Cassini spacecraft has been orbiting around Saturn for about
three years, sending back strange pictures. There are weird pictures of
Saturn's rings, pictures of Saturn backlit by the sun. Strange images of some
kind of jets streaming from its moon Enceladus. Pictures came back of
Saturn's largest moon, Titan, showing methane lakes and undiscovered
Titanic countries where, it is guardedly conjectured, life might once have
spawned, died out, or could come back.
Saturn was strange all along. Its rings confused Galileo badly, mainly
because of the limited capabilities of his telescopes, but also because in
1610 he did not know what he was seeing. In the later 1600s, the French
astronomer Giovanni Cassini observed that the rings are not one solid plane,
but divided. In 2004 the Cassini spacecraft found the rings are not flat but
wavy or corrugated.
The fact that we can see the rings at all is startling, given they're less than a
mile thick. The three other "gas giant" planets - Jupiter, Uranus and
Neptune - have rings too, but they're so wispy it took spacecraft to notice
them.
In a small telescope the image of Saturn is tiny. It has a flat-white to faintly
goldish sheen, lustrous like Jupiter and Mars. But unlike them it does not
appear as a disk which your eye can comfortably turn into a sphere or globe.
What baffled Galileo were the strange protrusions, which he at first thought
were separate planets locked in place. But it was the rings. They can be
disconcerting if you let them.
They're made of rock, dust and ice left over from some kind of barrage that
occurred after Saturn formed about 4.5 billion years ago. Comets or
asteroids (no one knows for sure what) annihilated its newly made moons
and broke everything to pieces as if there had been a cosmic war. The debris
settled into orbit around Saturn, and huge, flat rings formed from fine rock
and ice. After some uncertain eon, it is believed, a second bombardment
began. The present moons show the scars. Three small moons, Telesto,
Calypso and Tethys, somehow ended up in the same orbit. Mimas has a
crater almost a third of its whole diameter. A potato-shaped moon,
Hyperion, angles around Saturn bent over 45 degrees on its axis, implying it
was struck and half-killed by something enormous. The moons shepherd the
tiny ring particles. Saturn is surrounded by rubble.
In a small telescope the rubble becomes strangely beautiful. Striking and
chilling. Poe, the master of weirdness, wrote that "the tone of [beauty's]
highest manifestation … is sadness," which is a strange thing to say but
maybe you can grasp it when you see Saturn shining up there with its rings.
It swings slowly around the sun once every 28 years or so, brooding. In
ancient times it was the remotest known planet. The Greeks called it
Kronos, the father of the gods, whose name is probably linked to the word
for "time" in the sense of huge, inexorable motion toward an end and chaos,
which in the myths is sad - Kronos toppled his father Uranus, and then was
overturned by his own son Zeus. The Romans called him Saturn, and in
December celebrated saturnalia, a festival of reckless abandon as winter
closed in. Our week ends on Saturn's day.
Maybe this is not despair, but in here somewhere is an image of life's
inescapable decline. It is unlike any other phase of life, and weirdly
beautiful.